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Respiratory Infections: Archives

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Items 151-175 of 423 are shown

Bronchoscopy for Diagnosing TB in Children

Flexible bronchoscopy was valuable in diagnosing endobronchial TB in children and in discovering reasons for inadequate treatment response.

A Little Hand Hygiene Goes a Long Way

Meta-analysis results of community-based intervention studies indicate that use of <$EMPH_O>non<$EMPH_C>antibacterial soap and hand-hygiene education significantly reduce respiratory and GI illnesses.

Is Legionellosis on the Rise?

The reported incidence increased abruptly in 2002, although the explanation for the rise is unclear.

  • By Abigail Zuger, MD
  • September 9, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Neil K and Berkelman R., Clin Infect Dis 2008 Sep 1; 47:591
    • Ng V et al., Clin Infect Dis 2008 Sep 1; 47:600

A Nosocomial Gram-Negative Bacillus Imperils a Nurse

A nurse with diabetes barely survived <$EMPH_O>Acinetobacter<$EMPH_C> pneumonia acquired from one of her patients.

  • By Abigail Zuger, MD
  • September 9, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Whitman TJ et al., Clin Infect Dis 2008 Aug 15; 47:439

SMART-COP: A Better Pneumonia Stratification Score?

This new, simple-to-use score had high sensitivity for predicting need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support among CAP patients.

Mortality in Human H5N1 Virus Infection

Prompt treatment with oseltamivir might lower the mortality rate.

Shortening TB Isolation with NAA Testing

NAA testing of one sputum sample identified all 35 smear-positive patients and was more sensitive than smears in detecting TB in patients with positive cultures.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • August 13, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Campos M et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008 Aug 1; 178:300

Not All Burkholderia Species Are Alike in CF

<$EMPH_O>B. gladioli<$EMPH_C> and nonepidemic <$EMPH_O>B. cenocepacia<$EMPH_C> strains were associated with increased posttransplantation mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis; <$EMPH_O>B. multivorans<$EMPH_C> was not.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • August 13, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Murray S et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008 Aug 15; 178:363

Does Flu Vaccination Lower Risk for Pneumonia in Elders?

In contrast to results of previous studies, flu vaccine did not lower risk in this study.

  • By Thomas L. Schwenk, MD
  • August 12, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Jackson ML et al., Lancet 2008 Aug 2; 372:398
    • Belongia EA and Shay DK., Lancet 2008 Aug 2; 372:352

Individualized Treatment of XDR-TB

Aggressive multifaceted management was successful in 60% of individuals with extensively drug-resistant TB who received outpatient treatment at a referral clinic in Lima, Peru.

  • By Larry M. Baddour, MD
  • August 6, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Mitnick CD et al., N Engl J Med 2008 Aug 7; 359:563
    • Raviglione MC., N Engl J Med 2008 Aug 7; 359:636

Increasing Influenza Virus Resistance to Neuraminidase Inhibitors

The prevalence of oseltamivir resistance in influenza A (H1N1) viruses was significantly increased during the early 2007–2008 influenza season.

  • By Lynn L. Estes, PharmD
  • August 6, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Sheu TG et al., Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008 Jul 14

A New Drug Target in Mtb

In <$EMPH_O>Mycobacterium tuberculosis,<$EMPH_C> a membrane protein is essential for resistance to killing by activated macrophages.

Molecular Diagnosis of Children’s Viral Respiratory Infections

The findings from two studies demonstrate the superiority of nucleic acid probe–based methods in diagnosing viral infections.

  • By Robert S. Baltimore, MD
  • July 23, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Bonzel L et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008 Jul; 27:589
    • Chiu CY et al., J Pediatr 2008 Jul; 153:76

Does a Recent TST Influence the Results of an IFN-{gamma} Assay?

Such exposure to tuberculin boosts IFN-{gamma} levels in TST-positive individuals but does not induce false-positive results.

  • By Thomas Glück, MD
  • July 9, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Choi JC et al., Chest 2008 Jun; 133:1415

BNP — A Marker for Critical Heart Disease in Children

BNP levels were much higher in children with heart disease than in children with noncardiac causes of respiratory distress and other nonspecific symptoms, with no overlap.

  • By Howard Bauchner, MD
  • July 1, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Maher KO et al., Pediatrics 2008 Jun; 121:e1484

Presentation and Diagnosis of Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiency can present in patients of any age.

  • By Peggy Sue Weintrub, MD
  • June 18, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Oksenhendler E et al., Clin Infect Dis 2008 May 15; 46:1547

False-Positive TST Results in U.S. Soldiers

From 1983 through 2005, eight pseudoepidemics of tuberculin skin-test conversions occurred in U.S. Army populations.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • June 18, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Mancuso JD et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008 Jun 1; 177:1285

Whole-Virus H5N1 Vaccine Trial

A phase I and II trial showed that a whole-virus H5N1 vaccine derived from cell culture rather than from embryonated eggs is safe and immunogenic.

  • By Larry M. Baddour, MD
  • June 11, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Ehrlich HJ et al., N Engl J Med 2008 Jun 12; 358:2573
    • Wright PF., N Engl J Med 2008 Jun 12; 358:2540

Perhaps It’ll Be an H7 Pandemic

Researchers studying recent H7 avian influenza strains identified an H7N2 isolate that appears to have the potential for human transmission.

Nutritional Supplementation and TB Treatment

In a placebo-controlled trial conducted in Tanzania among patients being treated for pulmonary TB, micronutrient supplements decreased the risk for recurrence by 45%.

  • By Daniel J. Diekema, MD, MS
  • June 11, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Villamor E et al., J Infect Dis 2008 Jun 1; 197:1499
    • Benn CS et al., J Infect Dis 2008 Jun 1; 197:1487

IFN-{gamma} Release Assays vs. TST for Predicting Development of Active TB

Among individuals exposed to TB, 14.6% of those with a positive IFN-{gamma} release assay developed active TB, compared with only 2.3% of those with a positive tuberculin skin test.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • May 28, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Diel R et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008 May 15; 177:1164

Elucidating the Role of Human Metapneumovirus in Young Children

In two successive winter–spring seasons, hMPV was responsible for 25.3% and then 4.7% of acute respiratory infections in young children.

Rifampin and Lopinavir/r: A Combination to Avoid

A study of rifampin with lopinavir/r among healthy volunteers was stopped early because of nausea, vomiting, and increases in liver-enzyme levels.

M. bovis TB Increasing Among Hispanics in the U.S.

From 1994 through 2005, <$EMPH_O>Mycobacterium bovis<$EMPH_C> accounted for 45% of pediatric TB cases and 8% of all TB cases in San Diego County, California.

  • By Mary E. Wilson, MD
  • May 14, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Rodwell TC et al., Emerg Infect Dis 2008 Jun

Inhaled Liposomal Amphotericin B for Prevention of IPA

Among patients with prolonged neutropenia, liposomal amphotericin B performed significantly better than placebo in preventing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • May 14, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Rijnders BJ et al., Clin Infect Dis 2008 May 1; 46:1401
Items 151-175 of 423 are shown

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