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Respiratory Infections: Archives

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Items 126-150 of 423 are shown

XDR-TB in the U.S.

Cases of extensively drug-resistant TB have been reported in this country every year since 1993.

Movement of Drug-Resistant TB Across Borders

Outbreaks among Hmong refugees in the U.S. — and immigrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany — demonstrate the global reach of the problem.

Rifampin vs. Isoniazid for Latent TB: Adverse Events and Adherence

Serious adverse events occurred less frequently and adherence was better with 4 months of rifampin than with 9 months of isoniazid.

Pneumonia Risk Still Elevated in HIV Patients

In a population-based study, the incidence of pneumonia was substantially increased in HIV-infected individuals, even those who were receiving ART and had near-normal CD4-cell counts.

Efficacy of Vaccinations During and After Efalizumab Therapy

Efalizumab recipients who were vaccinated during active therapy had uncompromised immune responses to some vaccines but lower-than-normal responses to others.

New Google Tool Can Help Americans Track the Flu

Google uses aggregated search data to track flu activity.

Patients with Smear-Negative TB Can Transmit Infection

In a large cohort analysis of clustered cases, about 13% of cases were attributable to transmission from patients with smear-negative pulmonary TB.

Do Statins Improve CAP Outcome?

In a prospective observational study, 30-day mortality and incidence of complicated pneumonia were significantly lower in patients on statins than in those not on statins.

Predicting Antibiotic Resistance Using HCAP Criteria?

In patients with pneumonia, a simple scoring system using criteria for healthcare-associated pneumonia predicts the risk for resistant bacteria.

TB Infectiousness of TB/HIV-Coinfected Patients

Among guinea pigs exposed to air from an HIV/TB ward, nearly all infections acquired by the animals originated from just 8.5% of the ward admissions.

XDR- and MDR-TB in Rural South Africa Is Caused by Exogenous Reinfection

New data from a 2005–2006 outbreak highlight the need for AIDS treatment clinics to improve infection-control measures and implement protocols for intermittent isoniazid therapy.

MRSA and Pulmonary Function in CF

In a large cohort analysis, pulmonary function declined 43% faster in CF patients with persistent MRSA respiratory infections than in those with no MRSA infections.

Risks for Infection with Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists

This review of infections related to anti-TNF therapy shows that active disease is more likely to develop during treatment and describes an effective screening model.

A Herd Effect of PCV-7 or Quinolones on S. pneumoniae?

PCV-7 use in children affected serotype prevalence and penicillin nonsusceptibility in adults; increased quinolone use in adults was not associated with levofloxacin nonsusceptibility in children.

Streptococcus milleri Group Bacteria and Cystic Fibrosis

Investigations of microbial communities in cystic fibrosis patients indicate a major role for <$EMPH_O>Streptococcus milleri<$EMPH_C> group bacteria in clinical exacerbations.

Bacterial Pneumonia as Pandemic Flu Killer

A review of autopsies from the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic showed that most deaths resulted from secondary bacterial pneumonia.

Persistence of Humoral Immunity — for 90 Years!

Survivors of the 1918 influenza pandemic still have neutralizing antibodies to the 1918 H1N1 influenza strain.

Pseudomonas Colonization Worsens Prognosis in Ventilated Patients

A high burden of <$EMPH_O>Pseudomonas<$EMPH_C> in the respiratory tract, even without signs of pneumonia, significantly increases the risk for death.

Concurrent ART/TB Treatment Finally Proven to Be Beneficial

Giving ART while TB treatment was still ongoing dramatically improved survival among HIV/TB-coinfected patients in a large clinical trial in South Africa.

Long-Term Use of Synbiotics Is Safe

A large randomized trial confirms the safety of prenatal probiotic exposure and synbiotic exposure in healthy young infants.

Maternal Influenza Immunization Protects Infants

Inactivated influenza vaccine reduced respiratory illness in the infants of women who were immunized during pregnancy.

Is Legionellosis Increasing in the U.S.?

An analysis of cases reported to the CDC demonstrates a marked increase in legionellosis incidence beginning in 2003.

PPIs and CAP Risk

Although short-term use of proton-pump inhibitors was associated with increased risk for community-acquired pneumonia, long-term use was not.

Identifying Pneumonia Patients Who Are Unstable at Discharge

A composite of four instability variables (temperature, blood pressure, respiration rate, and oxygen saturation) at discharge was correlated with 30-day postdischarge mortality.

Measuring Pleural Fluid pH: Technique Matters!

Leaving air or lidocaine in the syringe or analyzing the sample ≥4 hours after collection led to significant changes in pleural fluid pH levels.

Items 126-150 of 423 are shown

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