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Respiratory Infections: Archives

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Items 126-150 of 733 are shown

Home Care for Severe Childhood Pneumonia in the Developing World

For young children with severe pneumonia diagnosed by a lay health worker, home treatment with amoxicillin yielded better results than TMP-SMX with referral to the nearest healthcare facility.

Critical Illness in Children with Pandemic H1N1 Influenza

Children with pandemic H1N1 influenza were more likely to have severe illness or to die if they had a preexisting chronic medical condition or a methicillin-resistant staphylococcal lung coinfection.

Pneumonia Risk Increases After Therapeutic Hypothermia for Cardiac Arrest

Among 641 patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, therapeutic hypothermia was the only independent risk factor for the development of early-onset pneumonia.

Does Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor α Therapy Increase the Risk for Serious Infection?

In this large cohort study, unlike in most of the previous studies, researchers found no increased risk for serious infections with TNF antagonists.

Some H1N1 Patients with Respiratory Failure Benefit from ECMO

Hospital mortality was lower among patients referred to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers.

Flu Vaccine–Associated Neurological and Immunologic Sequelae

The H1N1 influenza vaccine used in Sweden was associated with relatively few — and generally mild — neurological and autoimmune complications.

Say No to Adenoidectomy for Recurrent Upper Respiratory Infections

For children referred to surgeons because of frequent URIs, adenoidectomy conferred no clinical benefit over watchful waiting.

HIV/TB Coinfection + Low CD4-Cell Count = Start ART Sooner Rather Than Later

The results of three randomized, controlled trials (SAPiT, STRIDE, and CAMELIA) demonstrate that, for coinfected patients with advanced immunosuppression, the survival benefit of starting ART within the first 2 weeks of TB therapy outweighs the risk for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and other adverse events.

Adjunctive Steroids Are Not Beneficial in Non–HIV-Associated PCP

In HIV-uninfected patients with moderate-to-severe <$EMPH_O>Pneumocystis jirovecii<$EMPH_C> pneumonia, outcomes were similar between patients who received adjunctive corticosteroids and those who did not.

An Ultrashort Regimen for Latent TB Looks Promising — in Mice

In a mouse model of latent tuberculosis, 1 month of the diarylquinoline TMC207 alone was superior to isoniazid alone in reducing the lung burden of <$EMPH_O>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<$EMPH_C>.

Adding Adjuvant Increases the Benefit of Influenza Vaccine in Young Children

Vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity were both improved when trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine was adjuvanted with an oil-in-water emulsion.

Mortality Related to Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and TEN Is Lower in Children than in Adults

But long-term complications are common.

Why Was the 1918 Influenza Pandemic So Lethal?

In a case series of influenza-related deaths during and just before the pandemic, all 68 cases had histopathological evidence of severe bacterial pneumonia.

Oseltamivir in the Environment Can Induce Resistant Influenza Strains

Influenza virus–infected ducks exposed to oseltamivir levels similar to those in the environment rapidly developed resistant viral strains.

Long-Awaited Guidelines for Management of CAP in Kids

These comprehensive guidelines recommend a less aggressive approach that limits the use of lab tests, irradiation, and antibiotics in children who can be followed as outpatients.

A Vaccine and Treatment for All Strains of Flu Now Seems Possible

Scientists envision a cocktail of broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Once-Daily Nevirapine Inferior to Efavirenz in HIV/TB-Coinfected Patients

A nevirapine-based regimen was associated with higher rates of both virologic failure and death.

TB Is Uncommon After ART Initiation in the U.S. — but Not Unheard Of

Risk factors include a low CD4-cell count at ART initiation, a history of injection-drug use, and nonwhite race.

Early Pseudomonas Infections in Children with CF: Four Regimens Compared

Although the regimens were equally efficacious in preventing exacerbations, culture-based therapy was most efficient; adding oral ciprofloxacin to inhaled tobramycin provided no benefit.

Swine-Origin Influenza Virus Is Among Us Again

Two epidemiologically independent cases of flu-like illness in young children were caused by a swine-origin influenza A (H3N2) virus with a novel genotype.

Updated Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant TB

This WHO document emphasizes the use of molecular diagnostics for rapid detection of drug resistance and provides treatment recommendations.

Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treatment of H1N1 Influenza

In a relatively young and healthy population, a combination of 12 herbs was as effective as oseltamivir.

Influenza Vaccination in the U.S., 2011–2012

The CDC recently released its recommendations for use of this year's vaccine.

Decision Rule Falls Short in Identifying Children at Low Risk for Pneumonia

Even the lowest-risk group had a 7.6% pneumonia rate.

Follow-Up Chest X-Rays After Pneumonia?

Follow-up imaging probably can be limited to older patients.

Items 126-150 of 733 are shown

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