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Respiratory Infections: Archives

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Items 426-450 of 746 are shown

RSV Infection in Young Children

In recent years, the burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in otherwise healthy youngsters has been unexpectedly large.

  • By Larry M. Baddour, MD
  • February 4, 2009
  • Covering:
    • Hall CB et al., N Engl J Med 2009 Feb 5; 360:588

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine: Efficacy Remains Controversial

Researchers question recommendations to provide pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination for all older adults and for younger adults with chronic diseases.

  • By Allan S. Brett, MD
  • January 27, 2009
  • Covering:
    • Huss A et al., CMAJ 2009 Jan 6; 180:48
    • Andrews R and Moberley SA., CMAJ 2009 Jan 6; 180:18

Another Study Supports Treating TB and HIV Simultaneously

Starting ART during the first 2 months of TB treatment was associated with improved survival in a retrospective cohort study in Spain.

  • By Paulina Rebolledo, MD, MSc, and Carlos del Rio, MD
  • January 26, 2009
  • Covering:
    • Velasco M et al., J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009 Feb; 50:148

Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy and Respiratory Risk in Offspring

Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy slightly increased risk for wheeze and lower respiratory tract infections in infants and toddlers.

Sleep and the Common Cold

Adults who slept fewer than 7 hours per night were almost three times more likely than longer sleepers to develop a cold after rhinovirus exposure.

Surveillance Cultures for Critically Ill Patients

Semiweekly tracheal-aspirate or pharyngeal-swab cultures and weekly rectal-swab surveillance cultures significantly improved the adequacy of empirical antimicrobial treatment for subsequent infections.

  • By Thomas Glück, MD
  • January 21, 2009
  • Covering:
    • Papadomichelakis E et al., Intensive Care Med 2008 Dec; 34:2169

A Weekly Drug Regimen for TB?

In a murine model of TB, weekly diarylquinoline R207910 + rifapentine + pyrazinamide was more active than five-times-weekly isoniazid + rifapentine + pyrazinamide.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • January 21, 2009
  • Covering:
    • Veziris N et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009 Jan 1; 179:75
    • Nuermberger E and Mitchison DA., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009 Jan 1; 179:2

Pneumonia Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients, Based on Classification: CAP, HCAP, HAP

Healthcare-associated pneumonia is associated with higher mortality than is community-acquired pneumonia, especially when guideline-recommended antibiotic regimens are not initiated empirically.

Antibiotics to Prevent COPD Exacerbations?

In a small study, erythromycin recipients had fewer and shorter exacerbations than did placebo recipients.

  • By Allan S. Brett, MD
  • January 8, 2009
  • Covering:
    • Seemungal TAR et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008 Dec 1; 178:1139
    • Kunisaki KM and Niewoehner DE., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008 Dec 1; 178:1098

Flu Update — Good News and Bad

Influenza strains circulating in the U.S. this year are covered by the vaccine, but the prevalence of oseltamivir resistance is rising.

  • By Stephen G. Baum, MD
  • January 7, 2009
  • Covering:
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)., MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008 Dec 12; 57:1329

Pulmonary Herpes Reactivation in Critically Ill Patients

High herpes simplex virus loads in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were associated with increased 14-day in-hospital mortality.

  • By Thomas Glück, MD
  • January 7, 2009
  • Covering:
    • Linssen CFM et al., Intensive Care Med 2008 Dec; 34:2202

Histoplasmosis in Returning Travelers

Twenty of 35 missionary workers returning from a construction project in El Salvador were diagnosed with <$EMPH_O>Histoplasma capsulatum<$EMPH_C> infection.

  • By Stephen G. Baum, MD
  • January 7, 2009
  • Covering:
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)., MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008 Dec 19; 57:1349

Probing for TB — Hidden in Plain Sight

Smear-negative TB-positive patients can transmit disease. Illegal immigrants can remain infectious longer because of delayed presentation for care.

  • By Abigail Zuger, MD
  • December 24, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Tostmann A et al., Clin Infect Dis 2008 Nov 1; 47:1135
    • Achkar JM et al., Clin Infect Dis 2008 Nov 15; 47:1277

Differentiating Acute Rheumatic Fever and Post-Streptococcal Reactive Arthritis

ARF is more acute than is PSRA.

Googling the Flu

Analysis of Internet search engine queries can accurately track the spread of influenza-like illness in the U.S.

Is Empyema Increasing Among Children?

A medical center in California reports a fivefold increase in cases of childhood empyema since 2000.

  • By Robert S. Baltimore, MD
  • December 17, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Hendrickson DJ et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008 Nov; 27:1030

ELISpot vs. TST in Children Exposed to TB

Compared with TST, ELISpot was equally sensitive but more specific in predicting development of active disease among TB-exposed children, 80% of whom were BCG-vaccinated.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • December 17, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Bakir M et al., Ann Intern Med 2008 Dec 2; 149:777

Why Did the Inactivated RSV Vaccine Increase Disease Severity?

In a mouse model, formalin-killed RSV induced antibodies with low avidity for protective epitopes; adding TLR agonists might solve the problem.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • December 17, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Delgado MF et al., Nat Med 2008 Dec 14

Mycoplasma-Associated Neurologic Disease

<$EMPH_O>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<$EMPH_C> caused a school-based cluster of respiratory disease with neurologic complications.

  • By Stephen G. Baum, MD
  • December 17, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Walter ND et al., J Infect Dis 2008 Nov 1; 198:1365

Serious Bacterial Infections Are Rare in Young Infants with Bronchiolitis

In an office-based study, no infant with fever and bronchiolitis had serious bacterial infection.

Which Test Is Best to Diagnose Latent TB Infection in HIV-Infected Patients?

A new study compared interferon-gamma–releasing tests with TST but did not provide any definitive answers.

  • By Carlos del Rio, MD
  • December 8, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Stephan C et al., AIDS 2008 Nov 30; 22:2471

What’s That Growing on Our Palms?

Our hands can transmit infectious agents; what organisms are we carrying? If physicians are like undergraduates, the answer is not simple.

  • By Mark V. Dahl, MD
  • December 5, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Fierer N et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008 Nov 18; 105:17994
    • Grice EA et al., Genome Res 2008 Jul; 18:1043
    • Liu AH., J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008 Nov; 122:846

Predictors of ICU Admission for Bronchiolitis

Age <2 months, poor oral intake, moderate-to-severe retractions, and an ED visit during the prior week were associated with ICU admission.

XDR-TB in the U.S.

Cases of extensively drug-resistant TB have been reported in this country every year since 1993.

Movement of Drug-Resistant TB Across Borders

Outbreaks among Hmong refugees in the U.S. — and immigrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany — demonstrate the global reach of the problem.

  • By Mary E. Wilson, MD
  • November 26, 2008
  • Covering:
    • Oeltmann JE et al., Emerg Infect Dis 2008 Nov; 14:1715
    • Eker B et al., Emerg Infect Dis 2008 Nov; 14:1700
Items 426-450 of 746 are shown

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