Child-Care Attendance and Risk for Infection
Group child care leads to earlier, not more, infections.
By Peggy Sue Weintrub, MD
January 12, 2011
Covering:
Côté SM et al., Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010 Dec; 164:1132
No Concurrence in Identifying Cutaneous Abscesses
Dermatology Summary and Comment
Physician agreement on the presence of abscess and the need for drainage was only fair to moderate.
Even More Reasons to Give Probiotics?
Recent studies of probiotics in children for various conditions yield varying results.
Bronchiolitis: So Many New Studies
Recent evidence continues to support the AAP guidelines.
Universal Screening of Siblings for Vesicoureteral Reflux?
In a hypothetical model, universal screening of siblings with VUR was costly and associated with greater radiation exposure.
CDC Issues Recommendations for a New Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
The new 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine provides expanded serotype coverage for infants and young children.
Oral Ivermectin: A Good Option for Treatment of Head Lice
It's safe and effective.
Acne and Acanthosis
Dermatology Summary and Comment
In Native American children, acanthosis nigricans was a specific but not a sensitive marker for insulin resistance.
By Mark V. Dahl, MD
December 3, 2010
Covering:
Nsiah-Kumi PA et al., J Natl Med Assoc 2010 Oct; 102:944
My Mother Was Right About VapoRub!
In a single-night study, vapor rub improved cough and congestion symptoms in children.
Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Hospitals
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Free
Surveillance of 40 U.S. children's hospitals demonstrated considerable variability in the extent of antibiotic use.
Cost-Effectiveness of Outpatient Treatment Regimens for Pediatric Bronchiolitis
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
The data do not support routine use of nebulized epinephrine plus oral corticosteroids for outpatient treatment of infants with bronchiolitis.
By Katherine Bakes, MD
November 12, 2010
Covering:
Sumner A et al., Pediatrics 2010 Oct; 126:623
Artesunate for Severe Malaria in Africa?
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Free
In African children with severe malaria, mortality was 22.5% lower with parenteral artesunate than with quinine.
By Mary E. Wilson, MD
November 10, 2010
Covering:
Dondorp AM et al., Lancet 2010 Nov 8
Shanks GD., Lancet 2010 Nov 8
Neurological Complications of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza in Children
Neurology Summary and Comment
H1N1 influenza can produce neurological manifestations in children.
By Jaime Toro, MD
November 2, 2010
Covering:
Ekstrand JJ et al., Ann Neurol 2010 Nov; 68:762
Protecting Young Infants by Maternal Influenza Vaccination
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
The risk for influenza was 41% lower in infants of vaccinated mothers than in infants of unvaccinated mothers.
PI-Based ART for HIV-Infected Children Exposed to Nevirapine
HIV/AIDS Clinical Care Summary and Comment
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For young children with perinatal exposure to single-dose nevirapine, protease inhibitor–based antiretroviral therapy is associated with significantly lower rates of treatment failure than nevirapine-based therapy.
By Holly Rawizza, MD
October 18, 2010
Covering:
Palumbo P et al., N Engl J Med 2010 Oct 14; 363:1510
Nebulized Hypertonic Saline Without Bronchodilators in Children with Bronchiolitis
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
This study does not prove that nebulized hypertonic saline is safe.
By Katherine Bakes, MD
October 15, 2010
Covering:
Ralston S et al., Pediatrics 2010 Sep; 126:e520
How Useful Are DMSA Scans and Ultrasound Studies in Children with Urinary Tract Infections?
Ultrasound and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy studies, alone or combined, were not very sensitive or specific for detecting severe vesicoureteral reflux in children.
By Howard Bauchner, MD
October 13, 2010
Covering:
Fouzas S et al., Pediatrics 2010 Sep; 126:e513
Obesity and Adenovirus
Data support an association between adenovirus and obesity in children but do not prove causality.
By Howard Bauchner, MD
October 13, 2010
Covering:
Gabbert C et al., Pediatrics 2010 Oct; 126:721
Molecular Diagnosis in Acute Otitis Media
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
The rate of pathogen detection in middle ear fluid was 17% higher with multiplex polymerase chain reaction than with culture.
How Accurate Are Tympanic and Infrared Skin Thermometers?
Tympanic temperature measurements seem to be the best alternative to rectal measurements.
Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Infants with Bronchiolitis?
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
Free
In combination with nebulized epinephrine, 5% hypertonic saline slightly outperformed normal saline for treatment of bronchiolitis, but the difference is not clinically meaningful.
By Katherine Bakes, MD
September 24, 2010
Covering:
Al-Ansari K et al., J Pediatr 2010 Oct; 157:630
Explaining the Increase in Pneumococcal Serotype 19A
Heptavalent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine is associated with increased carriage of pneumococcal serotype 19A strains.
New Coronavirus Is Associated with Croup
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Human coronavirus NL63 was second to parainfluenza virus 1 as a cause of viral croup.
A New Strategy for Treating HIV-Infected Children Previously Exposed to Nevirapine?
Switching to nevirapine after virologic suppression is attained on a protease inhibitor–based regimen has a modest benefit in improving virologic suppression — and is substantially cheaper.
Updated DHHS and WHO Pediatric Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines
HIV/AIDS Clinical Care Clinical Practice Guideline Watch
Free
Both guidelines recommend earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected children and provide new guidance on which drugs to use.
By Holly Rawizza, MD
September 13, 2010
Covering:
Panel on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children.,
World Health Organization.,
