A New Approach to Managing Young Non–Toxic-Appearing Febrile Children
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Researchers suggest an emphasis on more-limited evaluation, now that vaccines have greatly reduced the likelihood of serious bacterial infections.
Low Prevalence of Bacteremia in Children with Community Acquired Pneumonia
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
Blood culture results rarely changed management, and did so mainly in children with complicated CAP.
By Katherine Bakes, MD
August 12, 2011
Covering:
Shah SS et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011 Jun; 30:475
Prevalence and Clinical Course of Sterile CSF Pleocytosis in Febrile Infants with UTI
Nearly 20% of young febrile infants with UTI have sterile CSF pleocytosis; the clinical course in these infants is similar to that of infants without pleocytosis.
By Peggy Sue Weintrub, MD
August 10, 2011
Covering:
Schnadower D et al., Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011 Jul; 165:635
Maternal Vaccination During Pregnancy Reduces Risk for Influenza in Hospitalized Infants
Hospitalized infants of vaccinated mothers were about 50% less likely to have the flu than hospitalized infants of unvaccinated mothers.
Correction Factor for CSF Protein Levels in Traumatic Lumbar Puncture
Subtract 1.1 mg/dL protein for every 1000-cell increase in CSF red blood cell count.
TB Rapid Test Performs Well in Children
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Overall, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity; in smear-negative cases, a second induced specimen increased sensitivity from 33% to 61%.
By Mary E. Wilson, MD
August 3, 2011
Covering:
Nicol MP et al., Lancet Infect Dis 2011 Jul 18
Gotuzzo E., Lancet Infect Dis 2011 Jul 18
S. aureus Pneumonia in Children Is Increasing in the MRSA Era
Viral coinfection, the <$EMPH_O>pvl<$EMPH_C> gene, and USA 300 genotype are associated with severe infection.
By Peggy Sue Weintrub, MD
July 27, 2011
Covering:
Carrillo-Marquez MA et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011 Jul; 30:545
Natural Rotavirus Infection Does Not Always Protect Against Reinfection
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Free
Children living in Indian slums developed primary rotavirus infections early in life, and protection from subsequent infections was incomplete.
For Dermatologic Surgery, Clean Rather Than Sterile Technique May Be Sufficient
Dermatology Summary and Comment
Free
However, it may not be prudent to dispense with current protective measures.
Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: An Elusive Diagnosis
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
Presentation is often nonspecific, and cerebrospinal fluid findings are unreliable, for identifying young infants with HSV infection.
By Katherine Bakes, MD
July 22, 2011
Covering:
Long SS et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011 Jul; 30:556
Infant Adrenal Insufficiency Following Postnatal Lopinavir/r
Reports of this potential toxicity should not preclude the use of postnatal lopinavir/ritonavir, but they do indicate the need for some precautions.
By Sean Cook, MD, and Helmut Albrecht, MD
July 18, 2011
Covering:
Simon A et al., JAMA 2011 Jul 6; 306:70
Which Antibiotics Are Prescribed for Pediatric Ambulatory UTI?
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed in one third of pediatric outpatient visits for urinary tract infection, and use of third-generation cephalosporins has doubled in the past decade.
Does Pre-Exposure Isoniazid Protect Against TB in HIV-Exposed Children?
In a randomized trial, a 96-week course of isoniazid pre-exposure prophylaxis had no effect on TB-free survival in either HIV-infected infants or infants who were HIV exposed but uninfected.
Severe Childhood Pneumonia Worsened by Influenza Virus Coinfection
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Free
Findings from a large, retrospective cohort study underscore the importance of immunizing children against influenza.
HPV Immunization Campaign in Australia Yields Rapid Results
General Medicine Summary and Comment
High-grade cervical lesions declined after girls received human papillomavirus vaccine.
By Bruce Soloway, MD
July 5, 2011
Covering:
Brotherton JML et al., Lancet 2011 Jun 18; 377:2085
Saraiya M and Hariri S., Lancet 2011 Jun 18; 377:2057
The Stat e of Affairs in Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
Dermatology Summary and Comment
Free
<$EMPH_O>STAT1<$EMPH_C> mutations and resultant defective Th1 and Th17 responses underlie autosomal dominant CMC.
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Exposure May Affect the Course of Schizophrenia
Psychiatry Summary and Comment
Seropositive patients with schizophrenia showed worsened cognition and decreased gray matter in the posterior cingulate gyrus.
By Joel Yager, MD
June 20, 2011
Covering:
Prasad KM et al., Am J Psychiatry 2011 Jun 1
Pediatricians: Skin Abscesses Need Prompt Incision and Drainage
Dermatology Summary and Comment
Free
Half of surveyed general pediatricians expressed interest in educational sessions on I & D.
By Mary Wu Chang, MD
June 17, 2011
Covering:
Kemper AR et al., Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2011 Jun; 50:525
Pneumococcal Vaccination Effects on Carriage and Invasive Disease in Children
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Pneumococcal serotypes covered by the 7-valent vaccine were replaced by serotypes with lower invasiveness potential, resulting in a net reduction in invasive pneumococcal disease.
By Thomas Glück, MD
June 15, 2011
Covering:
Flasche S et al., PLoS Med 2011 Apr; 8:e1001017
Rotavirus Vaccination in Brazil and Mexico
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Although rotavirus vaccination was associated with a small risk for intussusception in these countries, the real-world benefits of such vaccination far outweighed the potential risk.
By Larry M. Baddour, MD
June 15, 2011
Covering:
Patel MM et al., N Engl J Med 2011 Jun 16; 364:2283
Greenberg HB., N Engl J Med 2011 Jun 16; 364:2354
Toxocariasis in the U.S. — The Eyes Have It
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Human ingestion of dog or cat roundworm eggs can lead to permanent vision loss.
By Stephen G. Baum, MD
June 15, 2011
Covering:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)., MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011 Jun 10; 60:734
Fluid Resuscitation in African Children with Severe Infection
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
In African children with fever and impaired perfusion, fluid-bolus resuscitation was associated with increased 48-hour mortality.
PCR Saliva Testing for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Shows Promise
This promising new polymerase chain reaction test could lead to better screening and earlier recognition of hearing loss.
Griseofulvin vs. Terbinafine for Tinea Capitis: Which Is Ahead?
Dermatology Summary and Comment
Each agent has its uses in this common fungal infection in children.
By Mary Wu Chang, MD
May 20, 2011
Covering:
Tey HL et al., J Am Acad Dermatol 2011 Apr; 64:663
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura After Influenza Vaccination
This complication is rare and self-limited in most instances.
