New Recommendations for Use of Hepatitis A Vaccine in Children
Infectious Diseases Clinical Practice Guideline Watch
Hepatitis A vaccination is now recommended for all children aged
By Robert S. Baltimore, MD
October 3, 2007
Covering:
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases., Pediatrics 2007 Jul; 120:189
AAN Practice Parameter: Antimicrobial Therapy of Neuroborreliosis
Neurology Guideline Watch
Free
Experts provide evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of Lyme disease and discuss the evidence against persistent infection in "post-Lyme syndrome."
By Karen L. Roos, MD
October 2, 2007
Covering:
Halperin JJ et al., Neurology 2007 Jul 3; 69:91
CSF PCR Testing for Enterovirus Reduces Length of Stay for Infants
General Medicine Summary and Comment
Free
Infants with positive PCR results had 1.5-day shorter length of stay.
By Howard Bauchner, MD
September 27, 2007
Covering:
King RL et al., Pediatrics 2007 Sep; 120:489
Caution Regarding Nelfinavir Use in Children and Pregnant Women
The discovery of a potential carcinogen in nelfinavir has prompted new recommendations regarding use of this drug.
By ACC Editors
September 24, 2007
Transient Antibiotic Resistance After a Single Course of Amoxicillin
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
Resistant strains emerged surprisingly quickly after initiation of therapy.
By Kristi L. Koenig, MD, FACEP
September 21, 2007
Covering:
Chung A et al., BMJ 2007 Sep 1; 335:429
Del Mar C., BMJ 2007 Sep 1; 335:407
Do All Children with Pyelonephritis Require Hospital Admission?
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
Free
Treatment with oral antibiotics alone is as effective as standard treatment with parenteral antibiotics followed by oral antibiotics.
By Kristi L. Koenig, MD, FACEP
September 14, 2007
Covering:
Montini G et al., BMJ 2007 Aug 25; 335:386
Watson AR., BMJ 2007 Aug 25; 335:356
FDA Warns Against Use of Cough Medicines in Children Younger Than 2 Years
Cold and cough medicines are not innocuous, particularly if they are used inappropriately.
Finally, Trial Data on When to Start HIV Treatment in Infants
A major highlight of the 2007 IAS conference was a report from the first-ever randomized trial of ART initiation in very young infants.
Treating Diarrhea in Children: What About Probiotics?
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
Free
Probiotics differ widely in their effectiveness.
Adherence to 2004 Acute Otitis Media Guidelines
Pediatricians’ reported practice is not consistent with 2004 AOM guidelines.
Pneumococcal Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Free
In a case series, the invasive pneumococcal infection itself was responsible for the most serious complications of pneumococcus-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome.
By Robert S. Baltimore, MD
August 29, 2007
Covering:
Waters AM et al., J Pediatr 2007 Aug; 151:140-4
Geary DF., J Pediatr 2007 Aug; 151:113-4
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Encephalitis in Children
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
In a large study of encephalitis, <$EMPH_O>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<$EMPH_C> was the pathogen most commonly identified.
Etiology of Bilateral vs. Unilateral Acute Otitis Media
Bilateral acute otitis media is more likely to be bacterial.
By Peggy Sue Weintrub, MD
August 15, 2007
Covering:
McCormick DP et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007 Jul; 26:583-8
Leibovitz E et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007 Jul; 26:589-92
Neurologic Involvement in Falciparum Malaria
Neurology Summary and Comment
Neurologic involvement was more common, and caused more significant sequelae, than has been appreciated.
By Pierre L. A. Bill, MBBCh
August 14, 2007
Covering:
Idro R et al., JAMA 2007 May 23/30; 297:2232-40
Chen LH et al., JAMA 2007 May 23/30; 297:2251-63
Griffith KS et al., JAMA 2007 May 23/30; 297:2264-77
Bilateral and Unilateral Acute Otitis Media: Different Clinical Entities?
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
Free
Bilateral involvement is associated with more-severe disease.
By Jill M. Baren, MD, MBE, FACEP, FAAP
August 10, 2007
Covering:
McCormick DP et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007 Jul; 26:583-8
Leibovitz E et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007 Jul; 26:589-92
Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy Does Not Prevent Recurrent UTI in Children
Antibiotic prophylaxis led to an increase in resistant strains in recurrent UTI.
By F. Bruder Stapleton, MD
August 8, 2007
Covering:
Conway PH., JAMA 2007 Jul 11; 298:179-86
Histologic Findings and Outcomes in HBV-Positive Patients in the Immunotolerant Phase
Gastroenterology Summary and Comment
Liver biopsy might not be necessary in immunotolerant patients, but follow-up is.
By Atif Zaman, MD, MPH
August 3, 2007
Covering:
Andreani T et al., Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007 May; 5:636-41
Prevalence of Rheumatic Heart Disease in Cambodia and Mozambique
Cardiology Summary and Comment
Free
Echocardiography revealed a much higher prevalence than did clinical examination.
By Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM
August 1, 2007
Covering:
Marijon E et al., N Engl J Med 2007 Aug 2; 357:470-6
Diagnosing Rheumatic Heart Disease in Developing Countries
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Free
Echocardiographic screening detected about 10 times as many children with RHD as did use of clinical evidence with echocardiographic confirmation.
By Neil R. Blacklow, MD
August 1, 2007
Covering:
Marijon E et al., N Engl J Med 2007 Aug 2; 357:470-6
Steroids for Infants with Bronchiolitis? Maybe Not
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
No difference was seen between dexamethasone and placebo in an evaluation of 600 infants with bronchiolitis who were brought to the emergency department.
By Robert S. Baltimore, MD
August 1, 2007
Covering:
Corneli HM et al., N Engl J Med 2007 Jul 26; 357:331-9
Hall CB., N Engl J Med 2007 Jul 26; 357:402-4
Polio: Nearing the Endgame
Neurology Summary and Comment
If obtainable, eradication will be more cost-effective than control, and the new monovalent vaccine may help.
By Lindsey R. Baden, MD
July 31, 2007
Covering:
Grassly NC et al., Lancet 2007 Apr 21; 369:1356-62
Thompson KM and Tebbens RJ., Lancet 2007 Apr 21; 369:1363-71
Fine PE and Griffiths UK., Lancet 2007 Apr 21; 369:1321-2
Antibiotic Prophylaxis Does Not Lower Rate of Recurrent UTI in Children
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
In fact, prophylaxis is associated with increased risk for resistant urinary tract infection.
By John A. Marx, MD, FAAEM, FACEP
July 27, 2007
Covering:
Conway PH et al., JAMA 2007 Jul 11; 298:179-86
The Mysteries of Pertussis
General Medicine Summary and Comment
The primary source is most likely a household contact.
By Howard Bauchner, MD
July 26, 2007
Covering:
Wendelboe AM et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007 Apr; 26:293-9
MRSA Continues to Invade Our Communities
Rising incidence and many unanswered questions demonstrate the need for research on these community-acquired infections now.
By Jan V. Hirschmann, MD
July 25, 2007
Steroids Have No Benefit for Bronchiolitis
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
Free
A multicenter trial shows no benefit over placebo.
By J. Stephen Bohan, MD, MS, FACP, FACEP
July 25, 2007
Covering:
Corneli HM et al., N Engl J Med 2007 Jul 26; 357:331-9
