Tachypnea Is a Poor Predictor of Pneumonia in Children
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
An elevated respiratory rate in children younger than 5 years is less than 50% sensitive for predicting pneumonia.
By Katherine Bakes, MD
January 29, 2010
Covering:
Shah S et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009 Dec 21
Rotavirus Vaccine: Benefits and a Possible Risk
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
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Three new studies show that rotavirus vaccine is safe and effective, even in developing countries, but it may be risky for severely immunodeficient children.
By Robert S. Baltimore, MD
January 27, 2010
Covering:
Madhi SA et al., N Engl J Med 2010 Jan 28; 362:289
Richardson V et al., N Engl J Med 2010 Jan 28; 362:299
Patel NC et al., N Engl J Med 2010 Jan 28; 362:314
A New Culprit for Pharyngitis in Adolescents
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
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A gram-negative anaerobe that causes Lemierre syndrome has become a common cause of pharyngitis.
C-Reactive Protein Level Predicts SBI in Febrile Neonates
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
In well-appearing neonates with fever without a source, CRP measured more than 12 hours after fever onset was a better predictor of severe bacterial infection than ANC or WBC.
By Katherine Bakes, MD
January 15, 2010
Covering:
Bressan S et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009 Nov 25
H1N1: What Have We Learned?
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
An overview of the history, presentation, diagnosis, and management of 2009 H1N1 influenza, with a focus on children
By Katherine Bakes, MD
January 15, 2010
Covering:
Jain R and Goldman RD., Pediatr Emerg Care 2009 Nov; 25:791
Human Metapneumovirus: Innocent Bystander or Important Pathogen?
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
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Among young children with alveolar infiltrates, HMPV was second only to RSV as a viral pathogen.
Looking Far Afield . . .
Some day, perhaps, we will fight HPV infection by inhibiting furin proprotein convertases.
A Single H1N1 Immunization for Children?
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
A randomized clinical trial showed that a single 15-µg dose was immunogenic for children aged 6 months or older.
By Richard T. Ellison III, MD
January 6, 2010
Covering:
Nolan T et al., JAMA 2010 Jan 6; 303:37
Fiore AE and Neuzil KM., JAMA 2010 Jan 6; 303:73
Treatment of Gastroenteritis in Children
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Guideline adherence was associated with 50% lower costs in the treatment of outpatients with uncomplicated acute gastroenteritis.
More Progress on Preventing HIV Infection in Infants
Three trials this year pointed to the benefits of extending maternal antiretroviral prophylaxis throughout the breast-feeding period.
Top Stories in Infectious Diseases for 2009
Infectious Diseases Letter to Readers
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A perspective on the most important research in the field from the past year
More on H1N1 Virus in Children
Asthma is a significant risk factor among children hospitalized with H1N1 virus infections.
By Peggy Sue Weintrub, MD
December 23, 2009
Covering:
O'Riordan S et al., CMAJ 2009 Nov 19
Suntarattiwong P et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009 Nov 25
What Can We Learn from the Early H1N1 Influenza Experience in Mexico?
Children and young adults have the highest incidence of infection, and elders have the highest mortality.
By Peggy Sue Weintrub, MD
December 2, 2009
Covering:
Echevarría-Zuno S et al., Lancet 2009 Nov 12
Laguna-Torres VA and Benavides JG., Lancet 2009 Nov 12
An Outbreak of Turtle-Associated Salmonella Infection
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Despite a federal ban on the sale of small turtles, a large multistate outbreak of turtle-associated salmonellosis occurred in 2007.
3% Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis
Infants treated with hypertonic saline had outcomes similar to those treated with normal saline.
By Howard Bauchner, MD
November 25, 2009
Covering:
Grewal S et al., Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009 Nov; 163:1007
ART in HIV-Infected Children Previously Exposed to Single-Dose Nevirapine
HIV/AIDS Clinical Care Summary and Comment
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A study from Uganda supports the WHO recommendation to avoid using NNRTI-based regimens in these children.
By Dhayendre Moodley, PhD
November 23, 2009
Covering:
Musiime V et al., AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2009 Oct; 25:989
Do Chlorhexidine Vaginal and Neonatal Wipes Prevent Sepsis?
Although chlorhexidine did not significantly reduce neonatal mortality from vertically transmitted sepsis in this study, we should not abandon this intervention.
By William P. Kanto, Jr., MD
November 18, 2009
Covering:
Cutland CL et al., Lancet 2009 Oct 20
Mullany LC and Biggar RJ., Lancet 2009 Oct 20
Rapid Influenza Test Helps Identify Low-Risk Febrile Infants
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
Free
A positive rapid influenza test result predicted low risk for serious bacterial infection in febrile infants younger than 3 months.
By Katherine Bakes, MD
November 13, 2009
Covering:
Mintegi S et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009 Nov; 28:1026
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections of the Cheek
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Researchers describe a series of seven children with such infections. Recovery took many months, and clarithromycin did not seem to hasten resolution.
Chest X-Ray Abnormalities Associated with H1N1 Influenza Infection
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
Patchy consolidation, often bilateral, was the most common finding.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Children with UTIs
Prophylaxis was associated with a modest but significant reduction in recurrent UTI.
By Howard Bauchner, MD
October 28, 2009
Covering:
Craig JC et al., N Engl J Med 2009 Oct 29; 361:1748
Hoberman A and Keren R., N Engl J Med 2009 Oct 29; 361:1804
Prophylactic Acetaminophen Could Lower Response to Childhood Immunizations
General Medicine Summary and Comment
With or without acetaminophen, few infants suffered high fevers after immunization.
By Bruce Soloway, MD
October 27, 2009
Covering:
Prymula R et al., Lancet 2009 Oct 17; 374:1339
Lactoferrin and Sepsis: Good News for Low Birth Weight Infants
Lactoferrin reduced the incidence of late-onset sepsis in neonates.
Do Antipyretics Prevent Febrile Seizures?
Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are no better than placebo for preventing recurrences of febrile seizures.
By Robin Drucker, MD
October 14, 2009
Covering:
Strengell T et al., Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009 Sep; 163:799
Is Your Shower Like the Shower in the Bates Motel?
Dermatology Summary and Comment
Researchers analyzed the microbial population living inside showerheads.
By Jan V. Hirschmann, MD
October 9, 2009
Covering:
Feazel LM et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009 Sep 22; 106:16393
