Antibiotic Prophylaxis Does Not Lower Rate of Recurrent UTI in Children
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
In fact, prophylaxis is associated with increased risk for resistant urinary tract infection.
By John A. Marx, MD, FAAEM, FACEP
July 27, 2007
Covering:
Conway PH et al., JAMA 2007 Jul 11; 298:179-86
The Mysteries of Pertussis
General Medicine Summary and Comment
The primary source is most likely a household contact.
By Howard Bauchner, MD
July 26, 2007
Covering:
Wendelboe AM et al., Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007 Apr; 26:293-9
MRSA Continues to Invade Our Communities
Rising incidence and many unanswered questions demonstrate the need for research on these community-acquired infections now.
By Jan V. Hirschmann, MD
July 25, 2007
Steroids Have No Benefit for Bronchiolitis
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
Free
A multicenter trial shows no benefit over placebo.
By J. Stephen Bohan, MD, MS, FACP, FACEP
July 25, 2007
Covering:
Corneli HM et al., N Engl J Med 2007 Jul 26; 357:331-9
Do Prophylactic Antibiotics Prevent Children’s UTIs?
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Free
In a large multicenter study, prophylactic antibiotics did not prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in children.
By Robert S. Baltimore, MD
July 25, 2007
Covering:
Conway PH et al., JAMA 2007 Jul 11; 298:179-86
New Guidelines for the Prevention of Varicella
Infectious Diseases Clinical Practice Guideline Watch
New recommendations include a routine two-dose varicella vaccination program for children and catch-up doses for children, adolescents, and adults who have received only one dose.
By Robert S. Baltimore, MD
July 18, 2007
Covering:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)., MMWR Recomm Rep 2007 Jun 22; 56:1-40
Is Renal Ultrasound After First UTI Necessary?
A normal prenatal renal ultrasound obviates the need for one post-UTI.
By F. Bruder Stapleton, MD
July 11, 2007
Covering:
Miron D et al., Arch Dis Child 2007 Jun; 92:502-4
Long-Term Antibiotics for the Draining Ear
Otorrhea persisted in fewer children who received trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole rather than placebo for 6 weeks.
By Cornelius W. Van Niel, MD
July 11, 2007
Covering:
van der Veen EL et al., Pediatrics 2007 May; 119:897-904
Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis: It Might Not Be the Long Bones
The affected site might be the pelvis.
By William P. Kanto, Jr., MD
July 11, 2007
Covering:
Weber-Chrysochoou C et al., J Pediatr Surg 2007 Mar; 42:553-7
Maternal Asymptomatic Group B Strep Bacteriuria Can Lead to Chorioamnionitis
General Medicine Summary and Comment
Early treatment with antibiotics may reduce transmission of this devastating infection to newborns.
By Robert W. Rebar, MD
July 3, 2007
Covering:
Anderson BL et al., Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007 Jun; 196:524.e1-5
Complications of Smallpox Vaccination
Dermatology Summary and Comment
Free
Direct contact with the recently vaccinated can cause vaccinia infections in others.
By Jan V. Hirschmann, MD
June 29, 2007
Covering:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)., MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007 May 4; 56:417-9
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)., MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007 May 18; 56:478-81
A Potential Aid in Diagnosis of Sepsis in Newborns
Compared with C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A had better diagnostic accuracy for predicting early-onset sepsis.
By William P. Kanto, Jr., MD
June 27, 2007
Covering:
Arnon S et al., J Perinatol 2007 May; 27:297-302
Midstream Urine Samples in Children: Clean First, Then Collect
Cleaning the perineum or genitals before obtaining a midstream urine sample was associated with lower rates of bacterial contamination.
By Howard Bauchner, MD
June 20, 2007
Covering:
Vaillancourt S et al., Pediatrics 2007 Jun; 119:e1288-93
Fluconazole to Prevent Neonatal Candidiasis
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
In a multicenter trial, fluconazole prophylaxis reduced the incidence of candida colonization and infection in very-low-birth-weight infants.
By Robert S. Baltimore, MD
June 13, 2007
Covering:
Manzoni P et al., N Engl J Med 2007 Jun 14; 356:2483-95
Varicella and Varicella-Zoster Vaccine
Neurology Summary and Comment
Two articles focus on recent changes in the use and effects of the varicella-zoster vaccine in older adults and the varicella vaccine in children.
By Karen Roos, MD
June 12, 2007
Covering:
Kimberlin DW and Whitley RJ., N Engl J Med 2007 Mar 29; 356:1338-43
Chaves SS et al., N Engl J Med 2007 Mar 15; 356:1121-9
Can Probiotics Prevent Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Premature Newborns?
General Medicine Summary and Comment
A systematic review of randomized trials found that those receiving probiotics were less likely to develop NEC.
By Bruce Soloway, MD
June 5, 2007
Covering:
Deshpande G et al., Lancet 2007 May 12; 369:1614-20
Revised AHA Guidelines for Prevention of Infective Endocarditis
Cardiology Clinical Practice Guideline Watch
Free
The 2007 guidelines reflect questions about the effectiveness of antimicrobial prophylaxis for IE associated with dental, GI, or GU tract procedures.
By Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM
May 30, 2007
Covering:
Wilson W et al., Circulation 2007 Apr 19
Pneumococcal Vaccine: The Good, the Bad, and the Uncertain
Conjugated pneumococcal vaccine works, but pockets of disease remain.
By Peggy Sue Weintrub, MD
May 23, 2007
Covering:
Grijalva CG et al., Lancet 2007 Apr 7; 369:1179-86
Singleton RJ et al., JAMA 2007 Apr 25; 297:1784-92
Population Effects of Infant Pneumococcal Vaccine
General Medicine Summary and Comment
Admission rates for all-cause infant pneumonia fell sharply after this vaccine was introduced.
By Bruce Soloway, MD
May 22, 2007
Covering:
Grijalva CG et al., Lancet 2007 Apr 7; 369:1179-86
Too Little Volume in Pediatric Blood Cultures
Emergency Medicine Summary and Comment
Only about half of blood cultures had adequate volume in a study at a children’s hospital in Australia.
By Jill M. Baren, MD, MBE, FACEP, FAAP
May 18, 2007
Covering:
Connell TG et al., Pediatrics 2007 May; 119:891-6
Polio: Sustaining the Struggle
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Efficacy of monovalent type 1 poliovirus vaccine was 30% per dose; a dynamic model shows the high cost of failing to eradicate wild polioviruses.
By Mary E. Wilson, MD
May 9, 2007
Covering:
Grassly NC et al., Lancet 2007 Apr 21; 369:1356-62
Thompson KM and Tebbens RJD., Lancet 2007 Apr 21; 369:1363-71
Fine PEM and Griffiths UK., Lancet 2007 Apr 21; 369:1321-2
HIV Drug Resistance Among Infants
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
In nearly one quarter of HIV-infected infants, the virus was drug-resistant before initiation of treatment.
By Daniel J. Diekema, MD, MS
May 9, 2007
Covering:
Persaud D et al., J Infect Dis 2007 May 15; 195:1402-10
Heavy Burden from Dengue Infections
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Burden from dengue infections is substantial in Thailand and varies by year and infecting serotype.
By Mary E. Wilson, MD
May 9, 2007
Covering:
Anderson KB et al., Lancet 2007 Apr 28; 369:1452-9
Halstead SB et al., Lancet 2007 Apr 28; 369:1410-1
Replacement of Pneumococcal Serotypes After PCV7 Vaccination
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Free
Since the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, initial reductions in invasive pneumococcal infections among Alaska Native children have been eroded by an increase in nonvaccine-serotype infections.
By Robert S. Baltimore, MD
May 2, 2007
Covering:
Singleton RJ et al., JAMA 2007 Apr 25; 297:1784-92
Should Infants with Bronchiolitis Have Chest X-Rays?
Infectious Diseases Summary and Comment
Chest radiography increases antibiotic use for infants with bronchiolitis.
By Robert S. Baltimore, MD
May 2, 2007
Covering:
Schuh S et al., J Pediatr 2007 Apr; 150:429-33
