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Respiratory Infections: Archives

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Items 1-25 of 643 are shown

The Benefits of Contact Investigation for TB

Active TB was diagnosed in 1% of contacts within 4 years after exposure; chemoprophylaxis of those with latent infection significantly reduced the risk for active disease.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • May 16, 2012
  • Covering:
    • Anger HA et al., Clin Infect Dis 2012 May 1; 54:1287

ART Reduces TB Risk, Even in High-Income Countries

However, the benefit is not seen in patients who start ART at very low CD4-cell counts.

  • By Carlos del Rio, MD
  • May 14, 2012
  • Covering:
    • The HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration., Clin Infect Dis 2012 May 1; 54:1364

Antibiotics Are Overprescribed for Acute Bronchitis

Antibiotics were prescribed to too many patients and bronchodilators to too few at two emergency departments in San Diego.

Avian Influenza Transmission in Mammals

The first of two highly controversial studies of modified avian H5N1 influenza virus has now been published.

Viral Etiology Affects Length of Stay in Children with Bronchiolitis

Compared with hospitalized children with RSV alone, those with RSV plus rhinovirus had significantly longer hospital stays.

Does Vitamin D Supplementation Reduce the Rate of Infant Pneumonia?

In a vitamin D–deficient infant population, such supplementation did not reduce the incidence of pneumonia or change the age at which first episodes occurred.

  • By Robert S. Baltimore, MD
  • May 2, 2012
  • Covering:
    • Manaseki-Holland S et al., Lancet 2012 Apr 14; 379:1419
    • Martineau AR., Lancet 2012 Apr 14; 379:1373

A Recombinant Vaccine for Tuberculosis

In a phase IIa trial, vaccination with MVA85A was well tolerated and induced T-cell responses in individuals with HIV infection, Mtb infection, or both.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • May 2, 2012
  • Covering:
    • Scriba TJ et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012 Apr 1; 185:769

Can You Diagnose Strep Throat Without a Culture?

Compared with culture or rapid diagnostic tests, clinical criteria for diagnosing streptococcal pharyngitis are not sufficiently specific.

Linezolid Outperforms Vancomycin for Nosocomial MRSA Pneumonia

The clinical cure rate was significantly higher with linezolid than with vancomycin; mortality and serious adverse event rates were similar between the drugs.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • March 21, 2012
  • Covering:
    • Wunderink RG et al., Clin Infect Dis 2012 Mar 1; 54:621
    • Torres A., Clin Infect Dis 2012 Mar 1; 54:630

Nontreatment Factors Affect Outcome in MAC Lung Disease

In a retrospective analysis conducted in Japan, fibrocavitary disease, anemia, low body-mass index, and elevated C-reactive protein level were associated with increased risk for MAC-specific death.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • March 21, 2012
  • Covering:
    • Hayashi M et al., Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012 Mar 1; 185:575

Pasteurella Infections — Not Only from Animal Bites

Sick pets may transmit upper respiratory infection.

  • By Abigail Zuger, MD
  • March 20, 2012
  • Covering:
    • Myers EM et al., Clin Infect Dis 2012 Mar 15; 54:e55

Influenza Vaccine Immunogenicity: Pregnancy and Postpartum

Response to influenza vaccine appeared no worse in the third trimester than in other stages of pregnancy or postpartum.

  • By Anna Wald, MD, MPH
  • March 15, 2012
  • Covering:
    • Sperling RS et al., Obstet Gynecol 2012 Mar; 119:631

CT Angiography Potentially Useful for Diagnosing Invasive Mold Disease

Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography performed in 36 immunocompromised patients identified 10 of 12 individuals with proven or probable invasive mold disease.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • March 14, 2012
  • Covering:
    • Stanzani M et al., Clin Infect Dis 2012 Mar 1; 54:610
    • Herbrecht R and Roedlich M-N., Clin Infect Dis 2012 Mar 1; 54:617

Macrolide Resistance of Group A Streptococcus

Acute rheumatic fever developed in two children treated for streptococcal pharyngitis with azithromycin.

Linezolid Bests Vancomycin for MRSA Pneumonia

Linezolid leads to more clinical cures but similar overall mortality and has a much higher price tag.

  • By Abigail Zuger, MD
  • March 13, 2012
  • Covering:
    • Wunderink RG et al., Clin Infect Dis 2012 Mar 1; 54:621
    • Torres A., Clin Infect Dis 2012 Mar 1; 54:630

Colistin Regains a Clinical Role

A meta-analysis supports its use for ventilator-associated pneumonia.

  • By Abigail Zuger, MD
  • March 8, 2012
  • Covering:
    • Florescu DF et al., Clin Infect Dis 2012 Mar 1; 54:670
    • Falagas ME and Rafailidis PI., Clin Infect Dis 2012 Mar 1; 54:681

Human H5N1 Infection: Refining the Estimates

Mild human infection with the avian influenza A (H5N1) virus appears to be relatively common, making mortality rates lower than originally feared.

Home Oxygen Protocol Is Safe for Hypoxic Infants with Bronchiolitis

Only 6% of infants aged 3 to 18 months who were given home oxygen therapy subsequently required admission.

Cost-Effectiveness of Adult Pneumococcal Vaccines

Mathematical modeling indicates that the new adult pneumococcal conjugate vaccine could be more cost-effective than the current pneumococcal polysaccharide product.

School's Out: Limiting the Spread of H1N1 Influenza

In 2009, school closure in Alberta, Canada, was associated with reduced incidence of influenza.

Correlating Xpert MTB/RIF Results with Sputum Smear Status

In a study involving 130 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, an Xpert MTB/RIF cycle time >31.8 indicated an 80% likelihood of smear negativity.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • February 22, 2012
  • Covering:
    • Theron G et al., Clin Infect Dis 2012 Feb 1; 54:384
    • Fennelly KP., Clin Infect Dis 2012 Feb 1; 54:389

Obesity Worsens the Flu in Mice and Men

Further, in obese mice, preventive measures often fail.

  • By Abigail Zuger, MD
  • February 7, 2012
  • Covering:
    • Kim Y-H et al., J Infect Dis 2012 Jan 15; 205:244
    • O'Brien KB et al., J Infect Dis 2012 Jan 15; 205:252
    • Beck MA., J Infect Dis 2012 Jan 15; 205:172

Should Efavirenz Be Dosed Higher When Coadministered with Rifampin?

The FDA recommends a dosage increase in patients weighing ≥50 kg, but data on the interaction between these drugs are inconsistent.

Influenza in Neurologically Compromised Patients

An outbreak of influenza in patients with incapacitating neurological conditions caused severe infection, despite immunization.

  • By Stephen G. Baum, MD
  • January 25, 2012
  • Covering:
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)., MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012 Jan 6; 60:1729

PPIs and CAP, Revisited

In a retrospective, nested case-control study, the risk for community-acquired pneumonia was 29% higher with current use of a proton-pump inhibitor than with past use.

  • By Neil M. Ampel, MD
  • January 18, 2012
  • Covering:
    • Hermos JA et al., Clin Infect Dis 2012 Jan 1; 54:33
Items 1-25 of 643 are shown

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